Developing work with children and young people Essay

Developing work with children and young people - Essay Example .. is underpinned in working with the youth. Compassion entails the possession of both sympathy and empathy; sympathy makes the compassionate worker deeply aware of the plight of others, while empathy is the aspect of willing to relieve the plight. This study will discuss this quote in relation to the values central to working with children and the youth. This will be in terms of both theory and practice in several aspects of child and youth work. One of the values of modern care work with children and youth is the person-centered practice (National Services Framework 2004). This value is a response towards the failures in previous welfare and social services work which approached the practice from a top-down approach. In the previous approach, all the power rested in the care system and policy makers, with the service users themselves relegated to mere recipients. Decision making and execution alongside policy formulation happened without their input. However, contemporary care work appreciates the importance of making services more responsive to the user’s needs. Hence, empowering the service user - in this case children and youths - to contribute constructively is essential. This shift involves gathering insight from the user and providing them with the relevant information. The shift towards person-centered practice places a great deal of weight on the interaction happening between the worker and the child/youth; i t is the point of interaction that proves indispensable for the success of the person-centred approach. The worker has to discern the needs, challenges and strengths from the perspective of the user. Hence, it is absolutely necessary for the care worker to be compassionate so as to maximise the value of the interaction and understand the child’s world. As already stated, compassion involves being aware of the experiences of others; hence the compassionate worker is a strength to the

Macroeconomic Variables In China

Macroeconomic Variables In China From the beginning of the first public company on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1990,the stock market has experienced a rapidly increase during these twenty years in china.Up to the year of 2008, there were approximately 1650 public companies on either Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shengzheng Stock Exchange with the total market capitalization of 121366(100 million yuan).The relationship between macroeconomic variables and market prices has been widely recognised by economists,they have made a lot of researches in this field,though the way to identify their bearings are vary from person to person.Some of them use only one of macroeconomic variables like Comoncioli(1995)who focuses on the relationship between stock market index and Gross Domestic Product (GDP),Pearce and Roley(1983) study on the PPI(producer price index),and Lee (1992)emphasizes on the Interest Rate.Some prefer to combine different kinds of macroeconomic variables for analysize.Abdullah and Hayworth(1993)use seven macro economic variables (namely,money spply,inflation ,short and long-term interest rates,budget,trade and the growth of industry)to study their relationship between stock market prices.Tursoy,Gunsel and Rjoub(2008) adopt more than ten macroeconomic variables for research.In this mini essay, the first part is the introduction of some relative backdrop,including the situation of stock market in china and the privious researches of other learners.Next to this,it begins to analyse the relationship between each macroeconomic variables and stock market prices according to the detailed statistics in china.The last part is to draw some conclusions. Since the differennt research purposes,the selection of proper and relevant macroeconomic variales are different.Dritsaki(2005)thinks that selecting macroeconomic variables should focus on those objects which reflect both economic and financial situation of one country. Thus,variables like GDP,CPI , Money Suppley, Exchange Rate,Interest Rate are applyed in this essay, for there are more likely valuable in tracing the relationship betwwen macroeconomic variables and stock market prices based on the special situation in china. On the long run,the fluctation of stock market prices and the changement of GDP shows a positive relationship,except the year of 2007.As we are known,GDP is a kind of mixed index ,which reflects the strength of a countrys overall macro-economic indicators. When there is a decline in the economic downturn, the majority of the public companies are more likely to reduce their investment and costs ,hence, the stock markets supply will move slowly;at the same time,due to economic downturn and lower expection and future income, investors, thereby reducing capital expenditure and investment,.Consequentaly,stock prices is bound to fall down. Conversely, when a countryà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ GDP grews rapidly, the herald of economic prospects, expectations about the future improvement of business confidence in future development, are keen to enlarge the scale of additional investment and the demand for capital expansion, thus stimulate the stock market and increase its whole value. Consumer Price Index Total Market Capitalization Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 TMC 1048 3531 3691 3474 9842 17529 19506 26471 48091 43522 38328 42457.72 37055.57 32430.28 89403 327141 121366 CPI 106.4 114.7 124.1 117.1 108.3 102.8 99.2 98.6 100.4 100.7 99.2 101.2 103.9 101.8 101.5 104.8 105.9 Note: TMC=Total Market Capitalization(100 Million Yuan) CPI= Concumer Price Index(assumption the last year is 100) As can be shown from the table,the CPI fluctuated in a narrow level,while the TMC saw an increase trend on the whole.It is widely realize that the measurement of Inflation Rate is based on the CPI.In theory, Inflation Rate not only directly affect peoples current decision-making, but also induce their inflation expectations. In times of inflation , currency depreciation inspired by inflation expectations always prompt the individuals to exchange the currency with commodity for the purpose of hedge, one of the hedge tools is stock, thus expanding the demand for shares; on the other hand,when inflation has grown to a level , the Government often carry out a tight fiscal and monetary policies to inhibit its development ,then, the interest rates is in rise. At that moment, one of the best options of public company to raise funds is to issue stock ,which allowing a corresponding increase in the supply of the stock market. At this point, if the stock market growth in demand is greater than supply growth, the stock price and inflation showed a positive relationship, or if the stock market growth in demand is less than supply growth, the stock price and inflation shows negative correlation. From the bar chart,though the money supply shows a steady increasing tread, the TMS seems not always keep pace with it ,this might due to the special situation in china.In theory,Money supply on stock market prices can be achieved through three kinds of effects: (1) Expected effects. When the central bank plan to implement expansionary monetary policy ,it can influence the market participants expect the currency market for the future, thus changing the stock of money supply and affect the price and size of the stock market; (2) the portfolio effect. When the central banks carry a easing monetary policy, currency held by the people increased, while the marginal utility of money (investment income) is decreasing in the other conditions remain unchanged, people held money would exceed the needs of daily transactions ,This would,of course, result in some money flood into the stock market, and the stock market prices is in rise undoubtly; (3) the growth effect of the intrinsic value of th e stock. When money supply increases, interest rates will fall,and investment will increase, thereby stimulating the stock market prices. Generally speaking, these three kinds of effects are positive, that is, money supply increase, the stock prices. Therefore, the money supply on stock prices is positive. Exchange Rate Total Market Capitalization Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 TMC 1048 3531 3691 3474 9842 17529 19506 26471 48091 43522 38328 42457.72 37055.57 32430.28 89403 327141 121366 ER 551.46 576.20 861.87 835.10 831.42 828.98 827.91 827.83 827.84 827.70 827.70 827.70 827.68 819.17 797.18 760.40 694.51 Note:TMC=Total Market Capitalization(100 Million Yuan) ER= Exchange Rate (Base on 100 Dollars) Exchange rate, is a currency of another countrys currency exchange rate. As an important economic lever, the exchange rate changes on the interaction between a countrys stock market is reflected in many ways, including: import and export, prices and investment. Exchange rate directly affect the international flow of capital. A countrys exchange rate, means that the currency depreciation will boost exports and depress imports, thus promote one countryà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s cash flow, enhance public companys expected returns,Then to some extent,promote the stock prices.However, as can be seen from the data,the relationship between Exchange Rate and stock market prices seems not significant as expected. From the perspective of investor,one of the most sensive factors that effect the stock prices is the movement of bank interest rate,which have a direct impact on the thrend of stock prices. According to classical economic theory, the interest rate is the price of money ,and the opportunity cost of holding money, which depends on the capital markets supply and demand. The supply of funds from savings, while the demand comes from investerment.Both investment and savings have profound impact on interest rates. Interest rates can reduce the cost of holding money, promote the transformation of savings to investment, thereby increasing the circulation of cash flow and corporate discount rates,leading to stock market prices rise. So interest rates increase, stock market lower; on the other hand, interest rates drop, the stock market higher. The analysis carried out in this paper indicates that the relationship between each macroeconomic variables and stock market prices are difference in china. From the above-mentioned datas and analysis,macroeconomic variables are relevant indicators of the movements of stock market prices, to be more specific ,CPI,Interest rate, Exchange rate show a negative correlation with Stock Market Price,while GDP and Money Supply present a positive relationship with Stock Market Price on the long run.

Essay --

Alvin Samarnmitr December 9, 2013 Bio 441 CS3219 Hedgehog Signaling Pathways Shh is a gene that plays a significant role in regulating the development of organogenesis in vertebrates. This is a recently discovered gene and over the span of only 20 years, it has become a greatly studied ligand. Not only does it function as a chemical signal necessary for development in early embryogenesis, but also continue to remain important throughout the entire life of adulthood. The signaling pathways of Shh is very intricate and due to many research reviews over the last decade, researchers have elaborated the details of this particular pathway. Some major roles that Shh contributes to are development of the brain, spinal cord, nervous system, eyes, limbs of the body, cell growth and many other important parts of the body. Because Shh signaling pathway is essential for normal embryonic development, any mutation or absence of Shh ligand will cause serious health conditions such as holoprosencephaly, cyclopia, and many other defects. Recent research shows that geneticists were able to map out the specific location of the gene in order to further understand the relationship between other genes. As research continue to progress in the growing field of developmental biology, more information about Shh will soon be discovered. Hedgehog Gene The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered by German biologist Christiane NÃ ¼sslein-Volhard, American Biologist Eric Wieschaus, and Edward B. Lewis. They were experimenting with Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly and successfully identified the crucial genes that controlled the segmentation pattern of the Drosophila embryo. Their research was published in 1980 and this won them a Nobel Prize in Physiology or ... ... requires a certain amount of both Gli activators and Gli repressors, a disruption in the balance of these proteins usually lead to exncephaly. There are many other mutants that causes the cilia to function improperly and many of these mutant leads to exencephaly, which is a cephalic disorder where the brain is formed on the exterior of the skull. Mutation or absence of hedghog will cause major health problems and defects in embryonic development. Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is one of the most common developmental defect and is caused by nonsense mutation and cytogenicc deletion. This loss of function mutation is the main cause and the symptoms can range from mild to severe cyclopia. It is a cephalic disorder in which the forebrain of the embryo fails to develop and split into two hemispheres. Resulting in abmornal brain development and deformation of the facial area.

Law and Politics Essay

Murphy and selected internet and electronic readings Some journal articles will need to be accessed through the UVU Library Journal database. If the below links to internet sources do not work, you should first search Google for alternative links. If you are still unsuccessful, then contact Dr. Griffin. ? This schedule is only â€Å"tentative† and subject to change by verbal or written notification – stay tuned! _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jan 8, 10 Introduction Introduction to course & review of syllabus The Nature and Prominent Theories of Law (M) 3-12 William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England in Four Books, 2 vols. , pp. 39-62 Introduction, Section II, â€Å"Of The Nature of Laws in General,† pp. 39-47 (scroll down). http://oll. libertyfund. org/? option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show. php%3Ftitle=2140&chapter=198645&layout=html&Itemid=27 ? ? ? Charles Grove Haines, A Survey of the Development of Natural law Doctrines, 1930 Chapter 1 Ancient and Medieval Natural Law Theories, http://www. constitution. org/haines/haines_001. htm King, Martin Luther Jr. â€Å"Letter from the Birmingham Jail. † In Why We Can’t Wait, ed. Martin Luther King, Jr. , 1963. http://www. stanford. edu/group/King/liberation_curriculum/pdfs/letterfrombirmingham_wwcw. pdf Herbert Spiegelberg, Justice Presupposes Natural Law, pp. 343-348 http://www. jstor. org/sici? sici=0014-1704(193904)49%3A3%3C343%3AJPNL%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-6 Jan 15 Origins and Roles of Courts and Judges (M) 13-20, 22-46 Martin Shapiro, â€Å"The Logic of The Triad. † (UVU Canvas) John Underwood Lewis, Sir Edward Coke (1552-1564): His Theory of â€Å"Artificial Reason† as a Context for Modern Basic Legal Theory. (UVU Canvas) James Wilson, The Works of James Wilson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court†¦ , Vol. 2, Chapter IV, â€Å"Of the Nature of Courts,† pp. 287-299. http://books. google. com/books? id=lIs0AAAAMAAJ;pg=PA1;dq=James+Wilson,+The+Works+of+James+Wilson,+volume+2;hl =en;ei=9bx1TIyKA4W6sQOEqL2hDQ;sa=X;oi=book_result;ct=result;resnum=2;ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage;q;f=fa lse

The Major Causes of Students Dropping Out

Major Causes of Students Dropping Out There are four major causes of students dropping out of school: a. The child him/herself b. The family situation c. The community they live in d. The school environment In order to prevent students from dropping out of school, we must attack the causes listed above. Some of them are out of our control. For example, we cannot address the community they live in or in most cases, their family situation. But we can address the choices they make and the school environment. One of the ways of doing so is for educators to ask a serious of tough questions. More) How inviting a classroom environment is there for the student? Are the walls painted in â€Å"happy colors†? or are they drab institutional gray or green? Are your bulletin boards filled with student work, left blank or with commercial advertisements? Are all students encouraged to learn? Has the school created different classes for students – those designed to pass and those design ed to fail? Those who will go on to college and those who will drop out. What role can you, as a classroom instructor, play in overcoming this paradigm? How many students start in your school or system, graduate?Does the school track their progress through the system? Are â€Å"safety nets†? built in for those who are identified as at-risk? What â€Å"pillars†? support these safety nets? Are you one of these safety nets? Do you know how to get additional assistance in helping students graduate? (Is there additional counseling, mentoring, after school learning activities, service-learning projects designed to connect school to the world of work? As you track, is the largest reason for kids leaving school, â€Å"miscellaneous† How many students who dropouts are actually pushed out? (Students who are told, by word or action, â€Å"I do not want you in my class†? r â€Å"I don’t need you in my school. †? ) How close to graduation are students wh o dropout? Do they need one credit or ten? What has the school done to help them make up the credit? What role can you, as a classroom instructor, play in overcoming this paradigm? What is done to support the â€Å"psychological†? dropout – the child who is physically in the school but mentally is miles away. What role can you, as a classroom instructor, play in overcoming this paradigm? †¢ . Because classes were not interesting For many students, the material in the classes they're taking seem so far removed from daily life that it's hard to see the point.Many say this is one primary reason they decide to leave school before graduation. †¢ 2. Not motivated Beyond not connecting with the material, many students aren't given the encouragement and support they need to feel motivated to study and learn. Without motivation — and with plenty of other pressures pushing in — they lose the focus school requires. †¢ 3. Got a job The need to work whi le attending school is an unavoidable reality for many students, and once the job's requirement for hours starts making attendance at school difficult, the job often wins. †¢ 4.Became a parent Being a parent is a job in itself — and for many students in high school with children, it's impossible to reconcile having kids with getting a degree. †¢ 5. To care for a family member Like raising a child, taking care of a sick or aging relative is a big job, and one that sadly can make life difficult for even the most dedicated potential graduates. Dropping Out: Cause and Effect Dropping out of high school is an issue faced by many teens today. It results from a few main common causes, one is often a lack of involvement in extra-curricular activities.Another revolves around the parents not being forceful in demanding that their children commit to staying in school. A third cause is the absence of effort exerted by students to be successful in their studies. Why do teenagers lose their interest in school? When students are not successful with their studies it often starts a negative downward spiral in their commitment to school. When they feel less positive about school they generally are less interested in extra-curricular activities – sports, music, and clubs. For many students, it is their success in extra-curricular activities that fuels their desire to remain in school.If students have no success in either academic or extra-curricular activities they have no incentives to go to school. Consequently, they have no attachment to their school. Too many parentsare not firm enough with their children and their education. Parents fail to impress upon their children the importance of remaining in school and that dropping out is detrimental to their future. Sometimes teens drop out because of a lack of fear instilled into them by their parents; many teens have little or no parental supervision. Coupled with a lack of communication skills between par ents and teens, the result can be a lack of involvement with school.There is an absence of effort put forth by many of today's students. They seem quite lackadaisical and have no discipline when it comes to their studies. Continual failure is often a prescription for tremendous overload and stress. It tends to amount to the self-fulfilling prophecy of dropping out; which may feel like their only escape. It can be prevented however. Selling teens on the benefits of staying in school requires continual effort and a great expenditure of time. Parents have to be more in tune with their children's†¦